A bank is a standard bank that accepts deposits among the public and creates credit.[1] Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets. Due to their importance in the financial stability of a country, banks are highly regulated or even countries. Most nations have institutionalized a system since fractional reserve banking under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In accessory for other regulations intended to ensure liquidity, banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on a worldwide set of capital standards, known as the Basel Accords.
Banking in its modern sense evolved in the 14th century in the rich cities of Renaissance Italy but in lots of ways was a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots all of the ancient world. Your market history of banking, a number of banking dynasties - notably, the Medicis, the Fuggers, the Welsers, the Berenbergs and the Rothschilds - have played a central role over many 100's of years old. The oldest existing retail bank is Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, so the oldest existing merchant bank is Berenberg Bank.
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