Modern-day India and Nepal initiated their relationship with the 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship and accompanying secret letters that defined security relations relating to the two countries, and a transaction governing both bilateral trade and trade transiting Indian territory. The 1950 treaty and letters exchanged concerning the then Indian government and Rana rulers of Nepal, stated that “neither government shall tolerate any threat to the security for this other by a foreign aggressor” and obligated either side “to inform each other of any serious friction or misunderstanding with any neighboring state likely to result in any breach in the friendly relations subsisting among the two governments.” These accords cemented a “special relationship” between India and Nepal that granted Nepalese precisely the same economic and educational opportunities as Indian citizens in India and preferential treatment to Indians compared some other nationalities in Nepal. The Indo-Nepal border is open; Nepalese and Indian nationals may move freely through border without passports or visas and may live and work in either country. However, Indians aren’t allowed to own land-properties or work in government institutions in Nepal, while Nepalese nationals in India are allowed to are employed Indian government institutions (except in some states) along with several civil services (the IFS, IAS, and IPS).
Since late 2015, cultural and political issues have strained relations between the two countries with anti-Indian sentiment growing within the government and people of Nepal
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